Dermatitis
Dermatitis is a red and itching inflammation of the skin
What to look for
Contact dermatitis (an allergic reaction) (an allergic reaction)
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A red rash that is restricted to the area of skin exposed to an irritant.
Nummular dermatitis
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Red, itchy, circular lots of weeping, scaly, or encrusted skin, common in older people who have dry skin or live in dry environments.
Seborrheic dermatitis
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Greasy, yellowish scales on the scalp and eyebrows, behind the ears, and around the nose; in infants it is called cradle cap.
Stasis dermatitis
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Scaling, greasy-looking, sometimes ulcerated skin appearing inside the lower legs and around the ankles.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema , or eczema
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Extreme, persistent itchiness.
Dermatitis simply means skin inflammation, but it includes a wide range of sicknesses. In nearly all cases the early stages are distinguished by dry, red, itchy skin, although later stages may include crusty scales or blisters that ooze fluid.
Causes
The following are the most common general types of dermatitis and their typical causes:
Contact dermatitis
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pink or red rash, which may or may not itch.
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causes include contact with poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, and certain flowers, herbs, fruits, and vegetables irritates some people. detergents, soaps, chlorine, some synthetic fibres, nail polish remover, antiperspirants. The inflammation is often caused by cosmetics and skin-care products.
Nummular dermatitis
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Living in a dry environment or taking very hot showers can cause this condition,
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stress.
Seborrheic dermatitis
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a biotin deficiency in infants (where it is known as cradle cap)
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or with overproduction and blockage of oil glands in adults.
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stress
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common in AIDS patients.
Stasis dermatitis
poor circulation.
Atopic dermatitis,
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Eczema is usually hereditary
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allergies, asthma, and stress.
Traditional Treatment
The cause of dermatitis must first be identified and removed before treatment can get under way.
Most mild skin inflammations respond well to warm baths followed by application of petroleum jelly or over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream.
Seborrheic dermatitis may respond to coal-tar-based shampoo; avoid sunlight immediately after using it, as it can cause sunburn on the scalp. Once irritants causing contact dermatitis are identified, avoid them and obviously the condition will improve.
To help dry the sores of nummular dermatitis, soak the area in salt water, then apply a corticosteroid cream.
If you suffer from stasis dermatitis, wear support stockings and rest often with your legs elevated to help improve circulation.
To reduce inflammation and heal the irritation of most types of dermatitis, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription cream.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
Alternative therapies are good for relief of symptoms of this chronic disease.
Herbal Therapies – Always seek the assistance of a Professional. But here are some tried and true herbs that have been successful in relieving some patients. Always seek the assistance of a Professional. But here are some tried and true herbs that have been successful in relieving some patients.
Burdock (Arctium lappa) boosts the immune system and helps reduce inflammation.
Some practitioners believe evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) works as well as corticosteroids for itchy skin and has fewer potential side effects.
Topical ointments made with calendula (Calendula officinalis) or chamomile (Matricaria recutita) are effective for treating many types of dermatitis.
You can make a herbal remedy by mixing tinctures of nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium spp.), and eithergoldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) or myrrh (Commiphora molmol) in equal parts.
You can also make a tea from fresh nettles or fresh cleavers.
Homoeopathy – For benign, short-term skin problems, an over-the-counter Calendula cream may soothe the inflammation. Taking Rhus toxicodendron three or four times a day may relieve the itching of contact dermatitis. For benign, short-term skin problems, an over-the-counter Calendula cream may soothe the inflammation. Taking Rhus toxicodendron three or four times a day may relieve the itching of contact dermatitis.
Dietary Considerations
doctor may suggest vitamin B complex, Vitamin A and zinc which may aid in skin healing, while vitamin E ointment can help relieve itching and dryness. Always have your doctor check the doses of all supplements you take to avoid over dosing.
At-Home Remedies
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For dryness, rub petroleum jelly or olive oil on affected areas after a bath, or use a topical ointment containing aloe or zinc.
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Avoid eating potential allergens. You may get help from supplemental vitamins A, B complex, and E, as well as zinc.
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If you suspect an allergy to a chemical or cosmetic, try an at-home patch test. Apply a small amount of the suspected irritant to a spot on your arm or back for seven days. If you have a reaction, you know it is a potential irritant.
Prevention
The best way to prevent a rash caused by contact with toxic plants like poison ivy is to wash the exposed skin with soap and water as soon as possible after contact. If you feel you are at risk, consider these preventive steps:
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Use a humidifier at home and at work.
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Wear natural loose-fitting.
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Avoid plated jewellery.
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Be careful choosing watches with tight plated watchbands as these can cause problems by rubbing on your sensitive skin.
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Supplement your diet with vitamins A, B complex, and E, and zinc.
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Lubricate your skin after a bath using an unscented, preservative-free lotion or ointment such as sorbolene cream.
When to seek further professional advice
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if your skin has pus or is oozing
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if your skin does not respond to your treatment
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if your skin is affected and you are exposed to anybody with a viral skin infection such as cold sores etc
Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition where there is an abnormally high level of sugar in the blood.
What to look for
The symptoms vary depending on which type of diabetes is the cause:
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excessive thirst and appetite.
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increased urination both in the frequency and amount passed.
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weight loss.
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fatigue.
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nausea, perhaps vomiting.
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blurred vision.
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in women, frequent vaginal infections and perhaps the cessation of menstruation.
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in men, impotence.
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in men and women, yeast infections.
Type 1 diabetes:
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Very thirsty, hungry, and tired. Need to urinate often. Unintentional, rapid weight loss. May have stomach pain.
Type 2 diabetes: :
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No noticeable symptoms usually or may have unspecific symptoms such as fatigue, blurry vision, or frequent infections. May be thirsty and urinate often.
Gestational diabetes::
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Symptoms are rare; may feel tired.
Causes
In diabetes sufferers, there is too much glucose in the blood (glucose is made when the food we eat is being digested). Glucose is then converted into energy as it travels through the bloodstream. Diabetes causes this natural process to fail because of a lack of one of the body’s hormones – insulin.
Insulin keeps the level of sugar in the blood down to normal levels. Insulin is made and released when necessary from the pancreas. Insulin lets glucose enter the cells and be used for energy. Insulin is absent in diabetes sufferers. Therefore, glucose stays in the bloodstream and cannot be used for energy.
High glucose levels in the blood can cause many complications and any treatment is aimed at reducing the amount in the blood.
Your doctor is able to diagnose diabetes through a urine test.
Treatment for both forms of diabetes mellitus requires adjustment of insulin levels in the body and strict management of diet and exercise. By paying close attention to the content and timing of your meals, you can minimise or avoid the “seesaw effect” of rapidly changing blood sugar levels, which can require quick changes in insulin dosages.
Traditional Treatment
Diabetes is treated with food planning, oral medications, and/or insulin injections. Treatment methods for the different types of diabetes are:
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Type 1 diabetes: Daily insulin injections, food plan, and exercise.: Daily insulin injections, food plan, and exercise.
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Type 2 diabetes: Food plan, exercise, and sometimes oral medications or insulin injections. : Food plan, exercise, and sometimes oral medications or insulin injections.
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Gestational diabetes: Food plan, exercise, and sometimes insulin injections.: Food plan, exercise, and sometimes insulin injections.
With your doctor’s supervision , you must work at maintaining your diet and lifestyle to keep this condition in control. You can avoid the disease’s serious symptoms if you are able to do this yourself. Also try to keep to healthy weight
If you have type 1, you need to closely monitor your blood sugar levels every day to prevent an attack of hypoglycaemia. This occurs when the levels of blood sugar are too low to fulfil your body’s energy needs.Hypoglycaemia is not dangerous if you can recognise the symptoms.
Hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar, can bring on a serious diabetic condition known as ketoacidosis, in which the blood becomes increasingly acidic from the accumulation of toxic by-products. This can occur if they do not have enough insulin or if the insulin and glucose levels are not properly balanced or if the body suddenly comes under shock or stress or illness. The symptoms are – nausea, excessive thirst, wanting to urinate frequently, feeling weak, abdominal pain, rapid deep breathing.
Long-term problems caused by diabetes are – eye damage, problems with the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular and circulatory systems. Cuts and sores heal more slowly for people with diabetes, and diabetics are also prone to gum problems, urinary tract infections, and mouth infections such as thrush. Heart disease, ciruclatory problems, strokes, kidney failure are also potential threats to the diabetic.
For some Type 2 diabetics, diet and exercise are usually sufficient to keep the disease under control, however you must see your doctor regularly and if you have any change of symptoms.
Exercise should be an important part in the diabetics daily program – see your doctor before starting anything strenuous.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
You should always be under the supervision of a medical doctor, however here are some alternative treatments which can be used in addition to your conventional treatment.
Chinese Herbs Chinese herbal medicines, including ginseng root (Panax ginseng), are frequently used to alleviate some symptoms of diabetes; consult a practitioner for a comprehensive treatment plan. Chinese herbal medicines, including ginseng root (Panax ginseng), are frequently used to alleviate some symptoms of diabetes; consult a practitioner for a comprehensive treatment plan.
Herbal Therapies – Check to make sure herbs are appropriate for your particular condition. Check to make sure herbs are appropriate for your particular condition.
Remember: If you need insulin to manage your diabetes, there is no herbal substitute for the hormone.
Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in a decoction may lower blood glucose levels and help maintain the vascular system. This remedy may also help to keep the blood vessels of the eye from haemorrhaging if you develop diabetic retinopathy.
Supplementing the diet with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds has been shown in clinical and experimental studies to reduce blood glucose and insulin levels while lowering blood cholesterol.
Garlic (Allium sativum) may lower blood pressure as well as levels of blood sugar and cholesterol.
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) extracts have been used to help vision in patients. Other reported benefits of ginkgo include reducing the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol levels.
Onion (Allium cepa) may free up insulin to help metabolise glucose in the blood.
Dietary Considerations
It is vitally important to maintain a balanced meal plan so get your doctor to help you devise one to suit you.
Diabetics should avoid sugar, as it can lower the body’s glucose tolerance and worsen circulatory problems. Nutritionists also emphasise the importance of certain foods, vitamins, and minerals.
When to seek further professional advice
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you have any of the above symptoms more than usual
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a disorder in which there is a progressive decaying of brain tissue. It is characterised by a decline in mental and emotional capabilities.
What to look for…
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mood changes: depression, paranoia, agitation, anxiety, selfishness, childish behaviour.
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disorientation, confusion, inattention, loss of memory for recent events, inability to retain new information.
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tendency to misplace things.
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dizziness.
What to look for…
Memory, comprehension, and speech deteriorate in a person affected by this disease. The person’s world begins to change as they cannot function as they once had – simple arithmetic skills are impossible and they find it hard to keep their attention on one thing for too long.
Dramatic mood swings occur ending up with the person becoming confused. Alzheimer’s patients often become lost and may quite frequently wander off causing havoc for their families. Eventually, the person may become totally introverted, not able to communicate, helpless, and incontinent. The disease is usually fatal.
Once diagnosed with the disease, the person usually lives about 7 years. However the person may continue to function for longer.
Causes
Many people develop Alzheimer’s as they grow older, however the disease is not a normal process of growing old.
The gradual loss of brain function that characterises Alzheimer’s disease seems to be due to two main forms of neural damage: Nerve fibres grow tangled, and protein deposits known as plaques build up in the affected tissue. Researchers are not yet sure why or how this occurs.
Another theory suggests that aluminium from cookware, for example may lead to Alzheimer’s. But this has not been proven.
Too much zinc in the diet has also been sited as a possible factor but this is also debateable.
In a minority of cases, trauma may be a contributing factor. About 15 percent of Alzheimer’s sufferers have a history of head injury.
Traditional Treatment
Unfortunately Alzheimer’s disease is incurable. There are medications that can slow the onset of the disease, however.
Caring for an Alzheimer’s patient is often very stressful for family members. Eventually, full-time nursing care will be necessary.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
The treatment of Alzheimer’s with alternative remedies may help slow the progress of the disease or help with the symptoms.
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Chelation Therapy – a non surgical way of removing the traces of accumulated metals such as aluminium in the body. This may have side effects so it is important to seek medical advice before attempting this. – a non surgical way of removing the traces of accumulated metals such as aluminium in the body. This may have side effects so it is important to seek medical advice before attempting this.
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Herbal Therapies – Ginkgo Biloba extract is said to alleviate early symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Also taking a good antioxidant vitamin supplement may help in the early stages of the disease. – Ginkgo Biloba extract is said to alleviate early symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Also taking a good antioxidant vitamin supplement may help in the early stages of the disease.
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Vitamins A, B, C and E are helpful. A, B, C and E are helpful.
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Dietary considerations – avoid eating deep fried foods and other foods with unsaturated fats such as fast food and butter. Try to eat more fish and fruit, vegetables and steamed white meat. Avoid salt, sugar, alcohol and caffeine. Drink plenty of filtered water daily. – avoid eating deep fried foods and other foods with unsaturated fats such as fast food and butter. Try to eat more fish and fruit, vegetables and steamed white meat. Avoid salt, sugar, alcohol and caffeine. Drink plenty of filtered water daily.
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Homoeopathy – Seek Professional advice for remedies that may help in treating unusual or disruptive behaviour.- Seek Professional advice for remedies that may help in treating unusual or disruptive behaviour.
Personal Care
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Maintain a stable and familiar household
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Have the patient wear an ID bracelet with a phone number on it.
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Talk to the Alzheimer’s patient about memories or positive events that happened long ago. It will be something they can remember and recall.
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See Organizations or professional associations that may help you and the patient cope.
Although some studies suggest a link between Alzheimer’s and zinc, doctors do not recommend that you attempt to limit your daily intake. Talk to your doctor in depth about this.
When to seek further professional advice
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Someone in your family is displaying signs of this disease
Angina
Angina can occur when the heart is not getting enough oxygen. This is usually because the blood supply to the heart is blocked or because the heart is being overworked and therefore needs more oxygen than usual. The heart can usually function normally at rest but not when physically exerted.
What to look for
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pain that is crushing, constricting, strangling, suffocating, sharp, or burning… It is normally felt in the chest but may also occur in other areas such as the jaw or abdomen. Location and specific sensations vary from person to person but are usually consistent from one attack to the next.
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pain that occurs with exertion or excitement and recedes with rest.
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pain usually only lasts for a few minutes
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weakness, sweating, shortness of breath, anxiety, palpitations, nausea, or light-headedness… Symptoms that may or may not be associated with an angina attack.
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patients who have had angina attacks may go on to have full blown heart attacks and vice versa
Of the many types of angina, stable, or classical, angina, triggered by exertion and receding with rest is the most common.
If you have stable angina, you should be able to predict what sort of activity will bring on an attack. Another type, unstable angina, is a more acute condition; it occurs unpredictably, even during rest, and should be interpreted as a warning sign of more serious heart trouble.
Alone, angina causes no permanent damage because the heart is only temporarily deprived of oxygen. But if your angina worsens, you should know that you are at a greater risk of heart attack. Be especially concerned if you develop unstable angina, and consult a doctor.
CAUSES
The main underlying cause of angina is coronary artery disease which describes the disease which the arteries become blocked by fatty deposits and blood is prevented from flowing through them. Angina can also result from other diseases that put exertion upon the heart unnecessarily, such as anaemia, aortic valve disease (see heart disease), heart arrhythmias, and hyperthyroidism (see thyroid problems).
Stable angina is sometimes called “exertional” angina because it is triggered by activities that make the heart beat rapidly such as physical activity, such as heavy lifting, sexual activity to eating a large meal.
Other triggers are emotional excitement cold weather, both of which stimulate the heart.
Certain risk factors for heart disease and coronary artery disease make the development of angina more likely.
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These include high blood pressure,
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stress,
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high cholesterol
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smoking,
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obesity,
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diabetes,
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and a family history of heart disease.
Traditional Treatment
Drugs may alleviate angina symptoms, but fundamental changes in diet and lifestyle are an important part of any angina treatment program. Before taking any drug, review its properties and your medical history carefully with your Doctor and Pharmacist.
Many drugs should not be mixed with other drugs or natural medicines, and you also need to be sure your Doctor knows of any pre-existing medical conditions you may have.
If you have angina, your doctor will undoubtedly mention the importance of an overall healthy lifestyle that includes proper diet, exercise, weight management, and no smoking.
Most angina patients also take prescribed medication. There are three main classes of angina drugs…
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Nitrates,
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Beta-adrenergic blockers and
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Calcium channel blockers.
Physicians often use a combination of these to treat angina.
If drug therapy does not work Angioplasty or bypass surgery may be considered. Angioplasty, a catheter technique that widens blocked arteries, has become a relatively routine procedure. Bypass surgery, which diverts blood flow around clogged arteries, is reserved for very severe cases.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
Always consult a doctor if you think you may have angina. The alternative therapies below may help relieve symptoms or prevent attacks, but they should be considered as complements to, rather than substitutes for, conventional medical care.
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Herbal Therapies – Hawthorn is an excellent long-term tonic for angina because it simultaneously dilates coronary arteries and calms the heart. Raw garlic is said to help control blood cholesterol levels. Tea (made from lime flowers – linden, hawthorn and nettle) may reduce blood pressure and make the blood vessels stronger. Chamomile tea is also helpful.
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Homoeopathy – For immediate relief during an acute attack, Cactus grandiflorus is recommended. Among the long-term remedies that might be prescribed to you are Nux vomica and Arsenicum album.
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Lifestyle – Stay clear of carbon monoxide and cigarette smoke, avoid alcohol or drink only sparingly while on angina medication because of possible adverse reactions. Very gentle aerobic exercise may beneficial for angina patients. Build stamina gradually, and exercise inside during cold weather. Be sure to consult your doctor before embarking on an exercise program.
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Mind/Body Medicine – If you are stressed or easily upset find ways to relax your mind and body. You may find relief through yoga, or meditation.
Dietary Considerations
Consider a low fat diet to decrease the fatty deposits around your arteries. Eat less saturated fats and cholesterol.
You may wish to take a program of vitamins such as the B complex, E and Pantothenic Acid.
Personal Care at Home
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Use more pillows to raise your head up while you sleep to lessen the likelihood of a night attack
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An aspirin a day, with your doctor’s permission, may reduce the risk of heart attack and unstable angina.
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Spend at least an hour digesting heavy meals… exertion after eating is known to cause attacks.
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Be careful when starting an exercise regime as this is known to create angina attacks.
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Stop smoking, as it greatly aggravates angina.
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Do not take birth-control pills if you have angina. Estrogens are associated with increased risk of blood clots.
When to seek further professional advice
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if an attack lasts more than 10 minutes; this may be a heart attack. Call 000 or your emergency number now.
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you think this may be your first angina attack; you need to find out for sure.
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attacks have become more intense, frequent, prolonged, and unpredictable; these are signs of unstable angina.
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you are taking your prescribed medication and notice side-affects
Arthritis
This is an inflammation of the joints and it’s causes are varied. There are two main types of arthritis – rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
What to look for
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Osteoarthritis – Stiffness and pain when the joint is moved after time the pain becomes continuous. The joints which bear the weight are the worst affected – hips, knees, lower back, big toes. (Being overweight can make the condition worse).
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Rheumatoid Arthritis – Painful swelling, inflammation, and stiffness in the arms, legs, wrists, or fingers in the same joints on both sides of the body, especially on awakening.
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Fever, joint inflammation, tenderness, and sharp pain, chills, could be associated with an injury, illness.
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In children, intermittent fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, anaemia, or blotchy rash on the arms and legs may signal juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis happens when the cartilage in a joint ceases to act as a shock absorber and becomes eroded by the movement of the joint. There is a systematic loss of bone tissue in the joint. It tends to come on slowly over time and may not be noticeable in some people, although an accident or fracture can also cause it. More common in people over 45. It is the most common form of arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is slightly more serious… It gradually becomes worse over time. The inflammation of the joints can eventually become deformed or be destroyed. It can strike anybody between the ages of 25 and 55.
CAUSES
Although the mechanism of osteoarthritis is unknown, some people appear to have a genetic predisposition to degenerative bone disorders. In rare cases, congenital bone deformation appears at an early age. Misuse of anabolic steroids can also bring on early osteoarthritic degeneration.
Each of the two major types of arthritic conditions has its own apparent causes…
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Rheumatoid arthritis… The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully understood. Some researchers think it may be some sort of auto-immune disorder. Another theory suggests that it is an immune reaction to a viral infection somewhere in the body or hereditary.
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Osteoarthritis… This common degenerative joint disease is part of the aging process. The condition may be associated with broken bones and can develop in young adults from wear and tear on the body’s load-bearing joints, often as a result of athletic activity. In cases of osteoarthritis, the cartilage and bone cannot repair themselves sufficiently to keep up with the damage.
Traditional Treatment
If you think you may have some form of arthritis, do not ‘just put up with it’. There are now products on the market that can help relieve the discomfort of this problem.
Sometimes arthritic damage can be slowed or stopped, but in most cases the damage continues as the disease runs its course, regardless of whether drugs or other therapies are used to relieve the symptoms.
The duration and intensity of the actual pain and discomfort depend on the type of arthritis and how severe the condition is. The recovery can take a short time for otherwise healthy people or may take longer for older patients.
For localised pain, stiffness, and immobility, medication is used to relieve pain and inflammation, rest should be taken to let injured tissues heal themselves, and exercise to rebuild mobility and strength.
To reduce pain and inflammation in mild cases of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, your doctor may prescribe an over the counter drug. Doctors may combine this drug with periods of heat applied to the affected area, rest and exercise, physical therapy, and physical aids such as canes or walkers. Controlled application of deep heat can soothe affected joints. Your Pharmacist will be able to assist you with these.
In more advanced cases, your Doctor may recommend injections to ease the pain and stiffness of affected joints.
In cases of arthritic complications from injury or infection, specific therapy will depend on the nature and seriousness of the underlying condition. The major concern is for healing the affected area before more serious complications occur. Treatment of infectious arthritis typically involves large intravenous doses of antibiotics as well as drainage of excess fluid from the joints.
Various forms of surgery may be needed to reduce the discomfort of arthritis or to restore mobility. The removal of damaged connective tissue can relieve the pain, and allows the body to regenerate new, healthy tissue in its place. This operation is most common in the knee.
In cases of severe arthritic damage to the neck or foot, bones can be surgically removed or fused. Although movement is limited after such surgery, the operations help relieve excruciating pain and help prevent further damage to nerves or blood vessels.
If arthritic pain and inflammation become truly unbearable, or arthritic joints simply refuse to work properly, the answer may lie in surgical replacement. Today, hip and shoulder joints as well as smaller joints in elbows, knees, and fingers can be replaced with reliable artificial joints made of stainless steel and plastic.
Because one of the hardest parts of arthritis is being able to cope with the pain, many doctors recommend training in pain management.
Complimentary Treatments
Many people use natural therapies in a bid to ease arthritic pain as traditional treatments have not helped substantially. Arthritis sufferers need to remember that what appears to work for one person under a given set of circumstances may not work at all for someone else. However, some options are:
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Body Work – In combination with other treatments, massage around affected joints or compassionate touching by a doctor or other practitioner may have a comforting effect on those who suffer from arthritis.
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Herbal Therapies – You can consult a naturopath or herbalist who may prescribe a herbal mixture of several herbs that may help alleviate the pain and discomfort of the arthritis. A great juice for this condition is celery juice made fresh. You can consult a naturopath or herbalist who may prescribe a herbal mixture of several herbs that may help alleviate the pain and discomfort of the arthritis. A great juice for this condition is celery juice made fresh.
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Homoeopathy – For chronic osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, remedies will be prescribed after consultation.
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Yoga – May help relax the mind and body and help control the pain. May help relax the mind and body and help control the pain.
Personal Care
A balanced program of rest and gentle exercise is highly recommended for both forms of arthritis, with swimming being the best as it takes the weight off the affected areas.
Warmth (from hot water bottles, wheat bags or a warm bath) can help relieve the pain and cold packs or compresses of water can be good for serious attacks.
Regular exercise is important to keep the joints mobile. People with weakened, badly deformed fingers from rheumatoid arthritis benefit from specially designed utensils and door and drawer handles; people suffering weakness in the legs and arms from osteoarthritis can use special bathroom fixtures, especially tub rails and elevated toilet seats. Once again ask you Pharmacist or doctor about these.
Dietary Considerations
Avoiding specific foods may stop arthritic symptoms, especially grains, nuts, meats, eggs, and dairy products, alcohol, tea and coffee. However, it is best for you to consult your health practitioner who may prepare a special diet for your condition.
Avoid foods such as tomato, potato, eggplant, and capsicum as these are likely to worsen the condition.
Eat more fish (especially tuna and salmon) avocado, fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grain breads and cereals, brown rice and plenty of filtered water. Generally low-fat, low-protein vegetarian diets may ease the pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Vitamin therapy may relieve certain arthritic symptoms…
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Beta carotene (vitamin A) has an antioxidant effect on cells, neutralising destructive molecules called free radicals.
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Vitamins C, B6, B3 and E, as well as Zinc. Vitamin C may also be advised for people taking aspirin, which depletes the body’s vitamin C balance.
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Niacin (vitamin B3) may also be helpful, although excessive use may aggravate liver problems.
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Some therapists recommend cherries or dark red berries to stimulate the production of collagen, essential to cartilage repair.
Once again it is best not to self-diagnose – visit your local pharmacy or naturopath who are able to advise you on the best alternatives for your particular problem. Always take vitamin supplements under professional guidance, since overdoses of some vitamin compounds can have side effects or undesirable interactions with drugs.
When to seek further professional advice
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the pain and stiffness come on quickly, whether from an injury or an unknown cause;
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the pain is accompanied by fever;
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you notice pain and stiffness in your arms, legs, or back after sitting for short periods or after a night’s sleep;
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a child develops pain or a rash on armpits, knees, wrists, and ankles, or has fever swings, poor appetite, and weight loss.
Bedsores
These are reddened painful skin caused by the loss of blood supply to the skin due to continuous pressure on the affected parts.
What to look for
- a painful and swollen red patch of skin, on any part of the skin which is pressed against something with pressure for a period of time.
- a raw, open sore.
Bedsores are common among those people who are bedridden.
Causes
Bedsores are caused by the loss of blood supply to the skin due to continuous pressure on the affected parts. The areas usually affected are the heels, ankles, knees, base of the spine, buttocks, hips, elbows and shoulders. They begin being red and sore and can quickly turn into a slow healing, painful open sore.
Care must be taken to keep the patient with bedsores dry at all times as the bedsores can easily become infected if the skin is left damp. The people most prone to bedsores are those with diabetes, who are underweight, overweight, paralysed, people with poor circulation or heart problems.
Traditional Treatment
The normal treatment for bedsores is to clean the wound, remove any dead skin, and cover the area with a dressing that does not stick to the damaged skin.
To prevent bedsores from occurring try at all costs to avoid putting excess pressure on any one area of the skin for too long. Anyone who is bedridden must be turned regularly by a nurse. A soft material such as sheepskin can be placed under pressure points to help lessen the likelihood of bedsores developing.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
Alternative treatments can relieve pain. The patient must also be moved often.
Herbal Therapies –
Comfrey ointment promotes healing. To ease minor inflammation, apply a marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis) root ointment; or try a poultice made from slippery elm (Ulmus fulva) bark, marsh mallow root, and echinacea (Echinacea spp.) blended with a small amount of hot water. Two drops of essential tea tree oil (Melaleuca spp.) in a cup of water makes an infection-fighting rinse.
Dietary Considerations
People with bedsores need to drink plenty of water. Certain vitamins and minerals, especially vitamins A, C, E, and B complex, and zinc, will benefit their skin. Vitamin C in particular has been shown to be effective in healing bedsores.
Personal Care at Home
Care always needs to be taken when caring for the elderly or invalids at home.
- Make sure the person confined to bed or a wheelchair moves his body as often as possible when awake.
- Proper cushioning is vital to prevent bedsores.
Prevention
As mentioned previously, people confined to wheelchairs or beds should move frequently as well as be completely dry to avoid bedsores. Moisturiser should be used to keep the skin supple and their sheets should be clean and dry. Also a healthy diet will help their skin stay in good condition.
When to seek further professional advice
- the sore produces a discharge or pus
Bladder Cancer
The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that lies in the pelvic region. It looks like an upside down pyramid. The bladder stores the urine that is produced in the kidneys.
What to look for
Bladder cancer may not have symptoms in the beginning, however, later on, symptoms may include:
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blood in the urine.
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frequent urinary tract infections, painful urination, and a need to urinate often.
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weight or appetite loss.
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abdominal or back pain, fever, anaemia.
The bladder is lined with specialised cells, and when it is irritated, extra layers of these cells develop. This process may increase the chance of a cell turning cancerous.
Malignant tumours begin as small lumps on the inside of the bladder, the cancer then spreads by going deeper into bladder fibre and the surrounding tissue. If left untreated the cancer will eventually invade the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Like all cancers, the earlier it is detected the more effective the treatment will be. Sometimes bladder tumours recur, however, prompt detection and treatment means they can be stopped while they are still superficial.
Causes
Cancer is more likely to occur if the bladder has been chronically irritated. People with inborn disorders of the bladder, chronic bladder infections, or persistent cystitis are more susceptible as well as people who have benign bladder tumours.
The is a strong link with bladder cancer and carcinogens (cancer-causing substances). Such as smokers, painters, truckers, leatherworkers, machinists and metalworkers, rubber and textile workers, and people exposed to industrial dyes. It has been reported that consumption of nitrates in smoked and cured meats such as hams, may also be associated with bladder cancer, as may consumption of caffeine and saccharin.
Traditional Treatments
Treatments for cancer in general can be investigated more in the entry on ‘cancer’. There are a number of alternative therapies that may ease the pain of the disease and the side effects of conventional treatment but at this point none have been scientifically proven to cure cancer.
If detected early, superficial malignancies can usually be treated successfully. Certain bladder cancers may require the bladder to be removed. This will need to be investigated with your doctor.
After surgery, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy may be required to stop the cancer recurring. It is advisable for bladder cancer patients to have check ups regularly as these tumours may recur. If the cancer has spread surgery will not usually help. Chemotherapy would be the next option.
Complementary Therapies
Research suggests that bladder cancer is less likely among people with adequate vitamin B6, beta carotene, and selenium in their diets.
Prevention
To prevent any cancer it is strongly advisable to avoid any possible carcinogens.
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Don’t smoke and avoid frequenting places with lots of smokers to lessen the likelihood of ingesting smoke.
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Avoid smoked or cured meats
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Try to limit processed food intake to only occasionally.
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If you work around carcinogenic chemicals, follow safety guidelines to avoid undue exposure.
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Arrange regular screenings with your doctor to ensure early detection if you feel there is a chance you may be a candidate for this disease.
When to seek further professional advice
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you have any of the symptoms listed in the description section
Blisters
A blister is raised section of skin which is full of a watery substance and is usually caused by aggravated rubbing orburns
What to look for
one or more bubbles of skin filled with clear fluid, ranging from pinpoint size to more than one-half inch in diameter usually accompanied by pain, swelling and inflammation.
Most blisters form as a reaction to irritation or other damage to the skin from an external source, although some can result from a disease or other ailment. Blisters can form on any exposed area.
Causes
Blisters can result from the rubbing of skin against another item such as from the wearing of new shoes, which causes an abrasion to form. This can happen quite quickly and is very painful.
Flames, steam, or contact with a hot surface can raise blisters, as can excessive sunburn or exposure to other types of radiation.
Skin may blister when it comes in contact with certain chemicals, cosmetics, and many other toxins.
Many people develop blisters as a reaction to taking certain oral and topical drugs.
Blisters are a common symptom of many infectious illnesses, including chickenpox, cold sores, herpes simplex,shingles, and impetigo.
Traditional Treatments
Most blisters caused by friction or minor burns do not require a doctor’s care. They can usually heal on their own with a little help from you.
Soothe ordinary friction blisters with vitamin E ointment or an aloe-based cream. Do not pop a blister unless it is large and too painful to leave. If you have to pop it, use a sterilised needle or razor blade. Wash the area thoroughly, then make a small hole and gently squeeze out the clear fluid. A dab of “Dettol” can help protect against infection.
If the fluid is white or yellow, the blister is infected and needs medical attention. Do not remove the skin over a broken blister; the new skin underneath needs this protective cover. For blisters caused by chemical contact or disease see a doctor.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
If your blister is purely pressure or burn-related, various ointments and rinses can be effective in relieving minor discomfort. To make good use of other therapies, you must first determine the underlying cause of the blistering.
Herbal Therapies – A couple of drops of chamomile oil in half a cup of water makes an excellent antiseptic to be used under a protective dressing. Blisters from the herpes simplx virus respond to the herb liquorice. A couple of drops of chamomile oil in half a cup of water makes an excellent antiseptic to be used under a protective dressing. Blisters from the herpes simplx virus respond to the herb liquorice.
Calendula ointment is a soothing, antiseptic dressing for all types of blisters. Tea Tree Oil or Aloe Vera can soothe burns as well as promote the healing process.
At-Home Remedies
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If you have a blister from friction or a minor burn, apply petroleum jelly to keep the skin soft. Then apply a bandaid.
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If your skin is blistered by chemical contact, flush it immediately with plenty of water or a saline solution. If pain or itching persists, or if large blisters develop, call a doctor.
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Forget the old folk remedy about putting butter on burns and vinegar on blisters… both can aggravate the skin and may actually cause infection.
When to seek further professional advice
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if your blister is the result of contact with chemicals
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if the blister is the result of second-degree burns and all third and fourth-degree burns are medical emergencies.
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your blister discharges white, yellow, or green pus, rather than clear fluid.
Blood Clots
Blood Clots are when blood which thickens or masses or lumps together and stops circulation.
What to look for
Our blood clots as part of a normal, healthy protective process however if any of the symptoms below occur blood clotting may be the cause…
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Unexpected and remote pain in an arm or leg which can also include pins and needles sensation, numbness, or a cold feeling below the pain. Gangrene (tissue death) may occur if this is not seen to and treated.
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A hard, bluish lump in a vein.
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Sudden blindness in one eye may be due to a blood clot blocking a retinal artery.
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Violent dizziness, or vertigo, that impairs your ability to stand or walk may be caused by a small blood clot blocking a cerebral artery.
Our blood flows normally and freely through our veins and arteries and will clot as a normal, healthy defensive process. This is how any bleeding is stopped and our healing can begin.
It is desirable, even vital, when a blood vessel is injured, but clot formation inside a healthy blood vessel is not normal and can be fatal. These types of clotting can indicate heart disease or venous diseases such as phlebitis.
A clot that forms in the heart, blood vessel or vein and blocks circulation is called a thrombus. Tiny thrombi develop on blood vessel walls to heal minute injuries, then normally dissolve. If they don’t dissolve, they tend to slow the circulation and flow with the blood.
When thrombosis occurs in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, a patient has a heart attack. If it occurs in the brain the patient has a stroke, in the leg vein can cause phlebitis and if it occurs in the artery supplying a limb, gangrene may be the result.
Causes
Abnormal clotting results usually from one of the following – coronary heart disease, artery disease, prolonged immobilisation in which the blood clots because of poor circulation, after major surgery, pregnancy, taking the contraceptive pill, or it may be associated with cancer.
Some individuals however may be more susceptible to this condition than others in which their blood clots more readily and easily than others.
Blood will coagulate inside blood vessels if vessel walls are damaged or if circulation becomes unusually sluggish, as in atherosclerosis.
Traditional Treatment
Your doctor should prescribe drugs to help with this condition as well as aspirin. Blood clots may be removed during another heart operation but surgery to remove blood clots is rare and only performed in severe cases.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
Always inform your doctor before starting any other herbal remedies to ensure they will not interfere with your prescribed medication.
Body/Mind – Massage may be very helpful if the blood clot is due to poor circulation. This should always be performed by a trained professional Massage may be very helpful if the blood clot is due to poor circulation. This should always be performed by a trained professional
Herbal Therapies – Cayenne and ginkgo, Turmeric, bilberry, ginger, grape-skin extract, and gugulipid, an extract ofmyrrh, Garlic and onion, as is bromelain, a pineapple enzyme. Cayenne and ginkgo, Turmeric, bilberry, ginger, grape-skin extract, and gugulipid, an extract of myrrh, Garlic and onion, as is bromelain, a pineapple enzyme.
Dietary Considerations
Eat more oily fish such as tuna and sardines, fresh fruit and vegetables, fibre filtered water. Certain vitamins and minerals may also act as natural anticoagulants. Ask for advice about supplemental vitamin E and magnesium to prevent abnormal clots from forming.
Prevention
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Stick to the above recommended dietary lifestyle
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Try to stay within your recommended weight range by exercising regularly and carefully.
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Some doctors recommend daily doses of aspirin for patients at risk of abnormal clotting. But always do this under supervision of your doctor.
When to seek further professional advice
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you have angina or have any symptoms associated with stroke.
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you experience sensory impairment.
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is pressure in the arteries as the heart pumps blood around the body.
What to look for
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There are generally no symptoms for high blood pressure as the early stages of hypertension may take a few years to develop
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A higher than normal blood pressure. Normal for young and middle aged adults is a pressure of 120/80. A pressure of 140/90 is definitely something to be concerned about. If the pressure is 160/95 it requires treatment.
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Blackouts, a minor stroke are indications that your blood pressure is too high and can be fatal if it is not treated.
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swollen ankles
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shortness of breath
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headaches, dizziness and nose bleeds
Traditional Treatment
Your doctor will give you a thorough examination to check if your blood pressure is the result of another disease such as Cushing’s disease or kidney problems however, usually there is no immediate cause for the high blood pressure.
It is advisable that if over weight, the patient try to stay within your recommended weight level. Also try to avoid salt in your diet and reduce stress levels in your lifestyle. Exercise is also recommended.
If you have a stressful job, some doctors will advise you to give it up and take some time off to rest completely.
These lifestyle changes quite often bring the blood pressure down considerably.
A doctor will prescribe medication for you if the above approaches and lifestyle changes still do not bring the blood pressure down. Some of these drugs will have side effects which can be serious. Your doctor will know which drugs should be given to you and will explain all the side effects to you. The doctor will keep a close check on the patient to take the blood pressure and watch for possible side effects.
Alternative/Natural Treatments
Body/Mind Work – Yoga, Meditation and other relaxation techniques can help relax the patient and lower the stress levels. Yoga, Meditation and other relaxation techniques can help relax the patient and lower the stress levels.
Herbal Remedies – Hawthorn, dandelion and linden, garlic and ginger are helpful for blood pressure problems.
Dietary Considerations
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Eat less salt – best of all try to avoid it altogether (use herbs, garlic and ginger instead)
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Avoid heavily salted food (such as packaged food)
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Try to eat more dairy products – low fat one only. You may be low on calcium.
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Avoid too much alcohol as this can raise blood pressure.
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Give up smoking as this can harden the arteries and cause coronary heart disease.
When to seek further professional advice
if your blood pressure is over the recommended level
if you have any of the symptoms listed above
if you are on medication for high blood pressure and are suffering any side effect – see your doctor immediately.